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Determination of Silica and Phosphate

  Ø   Apparatus:- ·          10 ml cylinder ·          Silica Crucible ·          Platinum Crucible   Ø   Reagents:- ·          Sulphuric Acid (AR Grade) ·          Nitric Acid (AR Grade) ·          Ammonium Molybdate 10% (w/v) Solution ·          Ammonium Nitrate (AR Grade)   Ø   Procedure:- Take approximately accurately 2 g sample in an accurately pre-weighted Silica Crucible. Then add sufficient amount Sulphuric Acid to wet the solution for digestion. Then digest very carefully in a fume hood. After complete digestion burn the crucible with sample at about 400°C in Muffle Furnace for about 2 hours. Then cool to room temperature. Then wash the residue through a Whatman 42 filter paper again and again until the filter paper becomes free of acid and store the filtrate for Phosphate test. Then after complete filtration take the filter paper with residue in a pre-weighted (C) Platinum crucible. Then burn that at about 800°C for approximately 2 hours. Then cool to
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Method for Standardization of 0.1 (N) Sodium Hydroxide Solution

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  Ø   Apparatus:- ·          250 ml conical flask ·          100 ml cylinder ·          50 ml burette   Ø   Reagents:- ·          0.1 (N) Sodium Hydroxide ·          Phenolphthalein   Indicator ·          Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (A.R Grade)   Ø   Preparation of Solution:- ·          0.1 (N) Sodium Hydroxide:-   Weight accurately 4 g Sodium Hydroxide and dissolve in 1L DM water. ·          Phenolphthalein Indicator:- Dissolve 0.1 g of Phenolphthalein Indicator in 20 ml methyl alcohol and add sufficient water to produce 100 ml.   Ø   Procedure:- Take accurately about 0.4 g Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (A.R Grade) in a conical flask. Add approximately 50 ml DM water and shake gently until dissolution. Then titrate it with 0.1 (N) Sodium Hydroxide solution with Phenolphthalein indicator until the colour changes from colourless to faint pink.   Ø   Calculation:-
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Estimation of Ferrous Iron / Fe(II)

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  Ø   Apparatus:- ·          250 ml conical flask ·          100 ml cylinder ·          50 ml burette ·          10 ml pipette Ø   Reagents:- ·          0.1 (N) Potassium Dichromate Solution ·          Barium Diphenylamine Sulfonate (BDS) Indicator   ·          Sulphuric Acid (A.R. Grade) ·          Phosphoric Acid (A.R. Grade) Ø   Preparation of Solution:- ·          0.1 (N) Potassium Dichromate Solution:-   Weight accurately 4.903 g Potassium Dichromate and dissolve in 1L DM water. ·          Barium Diphenylamine Sulfonate (BDS) Indicator:- Mix thoroughly 1 g Barium Diphenylamine Sulfonate (BDS) Indicator and 50 ml Sulphuric Acid (A.R Grade) and make upto 100 ml with DM Water. Ø   Procedure:- Take 10 ml of the solution in a 250 ml conical flask. Then add 10 ml Sulphuric Acid (A.R. Grade) and 5 ml Phosphoric Acid (A.R. Grade) and 50 ml DM Water. Then titrate with 0.1 (N) Potassium Dichromate Solution using 5 -7 drops BDS Indicator Solution unti
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Location: India
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Method for Preparation and Standardization of 0.1 (N) Iodine Solution

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  Ø   Apparatus:- ·          250 ml Iodine flask ·          100 ml Cylinder ·          50 ml Burette ·          1000 ml Volumetric Flask ·          250 ml Beaker Ø   Reagents:- ·          Iodine Resublimed ·          Starch Indicator ·          Arsenic Trioxide (A.R. Grade) ·          Potassium Iodide (A.R Grade) ·          Hydrochloric Acid (A.R Grade) Ø   Preparation of Solution:- ·          0.1 (N) Iodine Solution:-   Weight accurately 14 g Iodine Resublimed in a 1000 ml volumetric flask and keep close with stopper. Then take accurately 36 g Potassium Iodide in 250 ml beaker and dissolve it in 100 ml DM water. Add the Potassium Iodide Solution along with 0.1 ml Hydrochloric Acid (A.R. Grade) to the 1000 ml volumetric flask and mix very well until complete dissolution. Then make up the volume up to 1000 ml with DM water. Then mix very well. Store it in amber coloured stopper bottle protected from light. ·          Starch Indicator:- Dissolve 0.1 g S
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Method for Preparation and Standardization of 0.1 (N) Potassium Permanganate Solution

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  Ø    Ø  Apparatus:- ·          500 ml conical flask ·          1L Volumetric Flask ·          100 ml Cylinder ·          50 ml Burette ·          250 ml Beaker Ø   Reagents:- ·          Potassium Permanganate (A.R Grade) ·          Sodium Oxalate (A.R. Grade) ·          Sulphuric Acid (A.R Grade) Ø   Preparation of Solution:- ·          0.1 (N) Potassium Permanganate Solution:-  Weight accurately 3.3 g Potassium Permanganate (A.R. Grade) in a 1000 ml volumetric flask and dissolve with DM Water and make up to 1L with DM Water. Then heat on a steam bath for two hours. Cover and allow to stand for 24 hours. Filter through a Whatman 42 Filter paper, discarding the first 25 ml.  Store in an amber-coloured air tight bottle and protect against dust. If manganese dioxide precipitates on standing, re-filter and re-standardize before use. Ø   Standardization Procedure:- Take accurately in 500 ml conical flask about 0.2 g of primary standard Sodium Oxalate, previous
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Determination of Sodium Hypophosphite Monohydrate Content

  Ø   Apparatus:- ·          250 ml iodine flask ·          100 ml cylinder ·          50 ml burette ·          10 ml graduated pipette ·          2 ml bulb pipette Ø   Reagents:- ·          0.1 (N) Sodium Thiosulphate Solution ·          0.1 (N) Iodine Solution ·          Starch Indicator ·          6 (N) Hydrochloric Acid Ø   Preparation of Solution:- ·          0.1 (N) Sodium Thiosulphate :-   Weight accurately 25 g Sodium Thiosulphate (A.R Grade) and about 0.2 g Sodium Carbonate. Dissolve it in 1000 ml DM water. ·          Starch Indicator :- Dissolve 0.1 g of Starch in 100 ml DM water by heating. ·          6 (N) Hydrochloric Acid:- Take 50 ml DM water in a glass beaker and add 50 ml Hydrochloric Acid (A.R Grade) slowly. Then mix thoroughly by a glass rod. ·          0.1 (N) Iodine Solution:- Weigh 40 g of potassium iodide (KI) in a 500 mL glass-stoppered flask and dissolve in 100 mL of purified water. Let the solution come to room temperature,
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