Preparation, Standardization and Estimation

  Ø   Apparatus:- ·          250 ml Iodine flask ·          100 ml Cylinder ·          50 ml Burette ·          1000 ml Volumetric Flask ·          250 ml Beaker Ø   Reagents:- ·          Iodine Resublimed ·          Starch Indicator ·          Arsenic Trioxide (A.R. Grade) ·          Potassium Iodide (A.R Grade) ·          Hydrochloric Acid (A.R Grade) Ø   Preparation of Solution:- ·          0.1 (N) Iodine Solution:-   Weight accurately 14 g Iodine Resublimed in a 1000 ml volumetric flask and keep close with stopper. Then take accurately 36 g Potassium Iodide in 250 ml beaker and dissolve it in 100 ml DM water. Add the Potassium Iodide Solution along with 0.1 ml Hydrochloric Acid (A.R. Grade) to the 1000 ml volumetric flask and mix very well until complete dissolution. Then make up the volume up to 1000 ml with DM water. Then mix very well. Store it in amber coloured stopper bottle protected from light. ·          Starch Indicator:- Dissolve 0.1 g S

  Ø    Ø  Apparatus:- ·          500 ml conical flask ·          1L Volumetric Flask ·          100 ml Cylinder ·          50 ml Burette ·          250 ml Beaker Ø   Reagents:- ·          Potassium Permanganate (A.R Grade) ·          Sodium Oxalate (A.R. Grade) ·          Sulphuric Acid (A.R Grade) Ø   Preparation of Solution:- ·          0.1 (N) Potassium Permanganate Solution:-  Weight accurately 3.3 g Potassium Permanganate (A.R. Grade) in a 1000 ml volumetric flask and dissolve with DM Water and make up to 1L with DM Water. Then heat on a steam bath for two hours. Cover and allow to stand for 24 hours. Filter through a Whatman 42 Filter paper, discarding the first 25 ml.  Store in an amber-coloured air tight bottle and protect against dust. If manganese dioxide precipitates on standing, re-filter and re-standardize before use. Ø   Standardization Procedure:- Take accurately in 500 ml conical flask about 0.2 g of primary standard Sodium Oxalate, previous

  Ø   Apparatus:- ·          250 ml iodine flask ·          100 ml cylinder ·          50 ml burette ·          10 ml graduated pipette ·          2 ml bulb pipette Ø   Reagents:- ·          0.1 (N) Sodium Thiosulphate Solution ·          0.1 (N) Iodine Solution ·          Starch Indicator ·          6 (N) Hydrochloric Acid Ø   Preparation of Solution:- ·          0.1 (N) Sodium Thiosulphate :-   Weight accurately 25 g Sodium Thiosulphate (A.R Grade) and about 0.2 g Sodium Carbonate. Dissolve it in 1000 ml DM water. ·          Starch Indicator :- Dissolve 0.1 g of Starch in 100 ml DM water by heating. ·          6 (N) Hydrochloric Acid:- Take 50 ml DM water in a glass beaker and add 50 ml Hydrochloric Acid (A.R Grade) slowly. Then mix thoroughly by a glass rod. ·          0.1 (N) Iodine Solution:- Weigh 40 g of potassium iodide (KI) in a 500 mL glass-stoppered flask and dissolve in 100 mL of purified water. Let the solution come to room temperature,

  Ø   Apparatus:- ·          250 ml conical flask ·          100 ml cylinder ·          50 ml burette   Ø   Reagents:- ·          di-Sodium EDTA dehydrate (A.R Grade) ·          Eriochrome Black T (EBT) Indicator ·          Magnesium Sulphate Heptahydrate (A.R. Grade) ·          pH 10 Ammonia Buffer Solution   Ø   Preparation of Solution:- ·          0.1 (N) di-Sodium EDTA dihydrate:-   Weight accurately 37.224 g di-Sodium EDTA dihydrate and dissolve in 1L DM water. ·          Eriochrome Black T (EBT) Indicator:- Dissolve 0.5 g of EBT and 5.0 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in sufficient methyl alcohol to produce 100 ml. ·          pH 10 Ammonia Buffer Solution:- Dissolve 64.0 g of ammonium chloride in 600 mL of concentrated ammonia. Slowly and carefully add 400 mL  DM  water. Ø   Procedure:- Take accurately about 0.560 g Magnesium Sulphate Heptahydrate (A.R Grade) in a conical flask. Add approximately 50 ml DM water and shake gently until dis

  Ø   Apparatus:- ·          250 ml Iodine flask ·          100 ml cylinder ·          50 ml burette Ø   Reagents:- ·          Sodium Thiosulphate ·          Starch Indicator ·          Potassium dichromate (A.R. Grade) ·          Potassium Iodide (A.R Grade) ·          Hydrochloric Acid (A.R Grade) Ø   Preparation of Solution:- ·          0.1 (N) Sodium Thiosulphate:-   Weight accurately 25 g Sodium Thiosulphate and about 0.2 g Sodium Carbonate. Dissolve in 1000 ml DM water. ·          Starch Indicator:- Dissolve 0.1 g Starch in 100 ml by heating. Ø   Procedure:- Take accurately about 0.1 g of primary standard Potassium Dichromate, previously dried at 120°C for 4 hours . Dissolve in 100 ml of DM water 500 ml Iodine flask. Swirl to dissolve the solid, remove the stopper and quickly add 3 g Potassium Iodide and 5 ml Hydrochloric Acid. Insert the stopper and swirl to mix. Then allow to stand in dark for 30 minutes. Then rinse the stopper and the inner

  Ø   Apparatus:- ·          250 ml conical flask ·          100 ml cylinder ·          10 ml cylinder ·          50 ml burette   Ø   Reagents:- ·          0.1 (N) Silver Nitrate ·          Nitric Acid (AR Grade) ·          Calcium Carbonate powder (AR Grade) ·          Potassium Chromate (K 2 CrO 4 ) 5% W/V solution   Ø   Preparation of Solution:- ·          0.1 (N) Silver Nitrate:-                                                                  Weight accurately 17 g Silver Nitrate and dissolve in 1L D.I. water. ·          Potassium Chromate (K 2 CrO 4 ) 5% W/V Solution:-                       Dissolve 5 g of Potassium Chromate in sufficient water to produce 100 ml.   Ø   Procedure:-                         Take 100 ml water in 250 conical flask. Add 1 ml concentrated Nitric Acid and add sufficient amount of Calcium Carbonate until saturation and then add 5 ml to 6 ml Potassium Chromate indicator & titrate with 0.1 (M) Silver Nitrate solutio

  Ø   Apparatus:- ·          250 ml conical flask ·          100 ml cylinder ·          50 ml burette   Ø   Reagents:- ·          1.0 (N) Sodium Hydroxide ·          Phenolphthalein   Indicator ·          Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (A.R Grade)   Ø   Preparation of Solution:- ·          1.0 (N) Sodium Hydroxide:-   Weight accurately 40 g Sodium Hydroxide and dissolve in 1L DM water. ·          Phenolphthalein Indicator:- Dissolve 0.1 g of Phenolphthalein Indicator in 20 ml methyl alcohol and add sufficient water to produce 100 ml.   Ø   Procedure:- Take accurately about 4.0 g Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (A.R Grade) in a conical flask. Add approximately 50 ml DM water and shake gently until dissolution. Then titrate it with 1.0 (N) Sodium Hydroxide solution with Phenolphthalein indicator until the colour changes from colourless to faint pink.   Ø   Calculation:-